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认知神经科学通过将脑成像技术和认知心理学的实验范式结合起来,探索人类的行为的深层机制.大脑作为学习的主要器官,是认识神经科学的主要研究对象.认知神经科学关注学习所激活的脑区、神经回路以及激活的时程,从神经活动的层面上阐述学习的机制.大脑学习机制的阐明可以帮助教育工作者改进教学方法,为教育学奠定科学的基础.认知神经科学还... 相似文献
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Danuta Ro?? Przemys?aw Adamczyk Joanna Boinska Robert Szafkowski Irena Ponikowska Katarzyna Stankowska Barbara Góralczyk Barbara Ruszkowska-Ciastek 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2015,16(5):404-411
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the degree of homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in patients with morbid obesity exposed to a three-week low-calorie diet and balneotherapy.Methods
The study included 33 patients (25 females and 8 males; mean age 46 years) with body mass index (BMI) values of >40 kg/m2. Evaluations of CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, lipid profile, HOMA-IR, and fasting glucose were carried out before (baseline data) and three weeks after the treatment. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers (15 females and 5 males) with a mean age of 39 years and BMI values of ≤24.9 kg/m2.Results
In the blood of patients with morbid obesity we found significantly elevated levels of CRP, TNF-α, triglycerides, HOMA-IR and fasting glucose, but a decreased level of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, compared with the healthy individuals. The treatment resulted in about a 9.4% reduction in body weight from 122.5 to 111.0 kg and a significant decrease in the concentration of CRP, but no change in TNF-α or IL-6. HOMA-IR was significantly reduced.Conclusion
The decrease in CRP level without changes in TNF-α or IL-6 concentrations after the low-calorie diet and balneological treatment, suggests that an essential amount of adipose tissue must be removed before proper adipocyte function is restored. The decrease in HOMA-IR indicates an improvement in insulin sensitivity, which is beneficial in obese patients.4.
Meera S. Ghadge Purva P. Naik Bijaynath P. Tiwari Ruprekha M. Hegde Tanaji J. Matale 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2012,27(1):97-99
Breast cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies in the world. Available staging procedures to detect breast cancer
are bone scan, chest X-ray, liver ultrasonography, computerized tomography, estimation of tumor markers like carbohydrate
antigen (CA15-3) and carcino embryonic antigen. These procedures are expensive and may not be required in all cases. Out of
70 patients studied, 55 had normal CA15-3 and 15 had elevated levels of Ca15-3. Eight (14.5%) of the 55 patients with normal
CA15-3 had abnormal bone scan. Fifteen patients had CA15-3 levels above the normal range and among these 9 (60%) had abnormal
bone scan. While prime facie it would appear that a high level of CA15-3 correlate with abnormal bone scan, it is also true
that the numbers are small at present and conclusions about the validity of CA15-3 as marker of bone metastasis may be premature. 相似文献
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Cancer is a genetic disorder.Although heredi-tary cancers account for only a small fraction of all tumors,most cancers are caused by a variable mix of heredity and environment that leads to accumulations of genetic alterations and then uncontrolled cell pro-liferations(Kops et al.,2005).In addition,genetic alteration is one of the a few most important bio-logical factors that determine the diagnosis and prognosis of different cancers and dictate the treat-ment strategies for cancer patients.Fu… 相似文献
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Ruan WJ Lin J Xu EP Xu FY Ma Y Deng H Huang Q Lv BJ Hu H Cui J Di MJ Dong JK Lai MD 《Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B》2006,7(11):929-932
Insulin-like growth factor binding-protein-7 （IGFBP7） was obtained from our previous colonic adenocarcinoma （CRC） and normal mucosa suppression subtraction hybridization （SSH） cDNA libraries. By RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, we found that IGFBP7 was overexpressed in CRC tissue compared to normal tissue. However, our in vitro experiments performed in 10 CRC cell lines showed that IGFBP7 expressed only in SW480 and Caco2 cell lines, which implied an underlying reversible regulatory mechanism. Using methylation-specific PCR （MSP） and bisulfite sodium PCR （BSP）, we found that its expression was associated with DNA hypomethylation of exonl. This was further supported by the in vitro study which showed restored IGFBP7 expression after demethylation agent 5-aza-2＇-deoxycytidine treatment. Correlation analysis between IGFBP7 expression and prognosis indicated that overexpression of IGFBP7 in CRC tissue correlated with favourable survival. Investigation of the functional role of IGFBP7 through transfection studies showed that IGFBP7 protein could inhibit growth rate, decrease colony formation activity, and induce apoptosis in RKO and SW620 cells, suggesting it a potential tumor suppressor protein in colorectal carcinogenesis. In conclusion, our study clearly demonstrated that IGFBP7 plays a potential tumor suppressor role against colorectal carcinogenesis and its expression is associated with DNA hypomethylation of exon 1. 相似文献
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北京市夏季大气颗粒物中有机污染源的生物标志物示踪 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了分析北京市大气细颗粒物中有机质的污染水平及其来源，作者对2005年夏季北京市PM10 和PM2.5中有机物的浓度、族组成及其饱和烃组分的组成和分布特征进行了研究，运用分子地球化学参数对污染源进行了示踪研究；同时分析了正构烷烃单分子碳同位素组成特征和分布规律。结果表明：夏季北京大气颗粒物中有机物浓度较高，各个采样点的饱和烃均不同程度地受到了高等植物等现代生物和化石燃料不完全燃烧产物两种来源的影响；藿烷的分布表明其受汽油燃烧产物的影响比较大，而甾烷的分布表明燃煤和发动机润滑油的排放对它的影响大致相当；低碳数部分正构烷烃δ13C值呈现出清洁区<交通干道区<商业区<工业区这一趋势，表现出各个功能区所受到的污染源影响的不同。 相似文献
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马国全 《河北体育学院学报》2015,29(3):72-78
以“阿姆斯特朗兴奋剂事件”为切入点,对运动员生物护照(ABP)的理论机制及ABP在检测和防范兴奋剂中的有效性的相关研究进行综述;并运用ABP技术对“阿姆斯特朗兴奋剂事件”展开深入剖析.结果显示:ABP的确行之有效,其通过纵向监控与分析运动员生物标记的异常,能够准确判断运动员是否使用了禁用物质或方法.但此方法还不能作为判定运动员使用兴奋剂的必然依据. 相似文献
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Walid E. Zahran Kholoud A. Salah El-Dien Philip G. Kamel Ahmed Shawky El-Sawaby 《Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB》2013,28(2):141-146
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) is a cytokine involved in systemic inflammation during acute phase reactions. The current study was designed to investigate the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) along with the anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) during progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in diabetic patients, and correlate the levels of cytokines with the progression of NAFLD. Fifty-two diabetic patients compared to 18 healthy controls were participated in this study. Based on clinical diagnosis, patients were divided into three groups: simple steatosis, NASH and fibrosis. Serum liver function tests, fasting blood glucose, bilirubin, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-10 and lipid profile were measured. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared to control subjects with a significant positive correlation with body mass index and fasting blood glucose (FBG) but with negative correlation with IL-10. Serum IL-10 levels were significantly lower in NAFLD patients compared with controls. A positive correlation between IL-10 and HDL-C with concomitant negative correlation between IL-10 and FBG and triacylglycerides was found. Cytokine analyses showed that there was a prominent imbalance between TNF-α and IL-10 in patients with NAFLD, and this imbalance increase by increasing the progression of NAFLD especially in obese diabetic patients. TNF-α and IL-10 could be used in diagnosis and follow-up of NAFLD stages in a way to avoid liver biopsies in greater proportion of patients. 相似文献
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抑癌基因是人类正常细胞中所具有的一类基因，对细胞的增殖分化有调节作用。染色体体臂上某一区域非随机杂合性缺失导致抑癌基因的丧失，从而促使肿瘤发生。本文总结了第17号染色体短臂(17p)杂合性缺失与肿瘤发生关系的研究进展，该研究不仅为我们定位新的抑癌基因提供了基础，为肿瘤的预防、早期发现和诊断提供了依据，同时也使我们能更好理解肿瘤的分子进展。 相似文献